Behind the noise of the campaign trail, a quieter race is unfolding. Trade negotiators in Washington, Brussels, and Tokyo are working to finalize a cluster of agreements that have been years in the making, racing to close them before the political calendar makes ratification impossible.

The pacts cover digital services, agricultural standards, and critical minerals. Each, on its own, would be incremental. Taken together, officials say, they would mark the most substantial rewiring of allied trade architecture since the early 2000s.